Metal plastic processing is mostly a simple blank. The process of obtaining products or blanks of the required shape and size through plastic deformation processing. Good metal plasticity is conducive to plastic forming. From the perspective of plastic processing, it can improve the plastic deformation of metal. The main approaches are as follows.
1. Reasonable selection of deformation temperature and deformation speed
Reasonable selection of deformation temperature and deformation speed during deformation to ensure that the metal has good plasticity during forming is very important for plastic forming. If the deformation temperature is too high, it is easy to overheat the deformed metal and cause coarse grains. If the temperature is too low, work hardening will occur when the metal is deformed, which will increase the deformation resistance and reduce the plasticity of the forging metal. In severe cases, it will cause deformation and cracking. For materials with high deformation speed sensitivity, the deformation speed should be selected reasonably. Generally speaking, the deformation speed of hammer equipment is the highest, and the deformation speed of hydraulic press is the lowest, and the deformation speed of press is somewhere in between. For example, magnesium alloy forging is suitable for forging on a press. If you want to die forging on a hammer, it is best to tap lightly at the beginning, and gradually increase the degree of deformation during each hammer forging as the groove is filled.
2. Reasonable choice of deformation method
The choice of deformation method directly affects the plastic flow and stress state of the deformed body in the cavity. For example, the more the number of compressive stresses a blank bears during deformation, the better its plasticity. Therefore, during plastic deformation, for materials with low plasticity, some measures can be taken to increase the three-directional compressive stress state and prevent the blank from cracking. For example, when upsetting, a movable collar or a sheath can be used to facilitate the forming, and the use of an anvil for drawing is beneficial to forming and improves the efficiency of drawing.

Tube forging

 

3. Improve the uniformity of material composition and organization
The chemical composition and structural properties of the alloy ingot are very uneven. High temperature diffusion annealing can be carried out before plastic processing to make the structure and composition of the ingot uniform and improve the plasticity of the material. For example, magnesium alloy MA3 undergoes high temperature homogenization treatment at 400°C for 10 hours, and the compression deformation on the press can reach more than 75%, but without high temperature homogenization treatment, the allowable deformation is only about 45%. For high-alloy steel ingots, depending on the composition of the forgings, the temperature range of 1050-1150℃ or even higher can be kept for a long time, and good results can also be obtained. Due to the long production cycle and high cost of high temperature homogenization treatment, it can be replaced by appropriately extending the heat preservation time during forging heating. The disadvantage is that it reduces productivity and attention should be paid to avoid coarse grains.
4. Reduce uneven deformation
Uneven deformation will cause additional stress, resulting in a decrease in the plasticity of the blank and promote the generation of cracks. The measures commonly used to reduce uneven deformation are: reasonable operating specifications, good lubrication, and suitable tool and die shapes can all reduce uneven deformation. For example, when drawing a length, choose a proper feeding amount. If the feeding amount is too small, the center of the blank may not be forged through, additional stress may be generated, and core cracks may be formed in severe cases; Upsetting of metal gaskets is beneficial to reduce the drum shape of the blank and prevent cracks on the surface.

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Malleability
Forgeability refers to the performance of forging metal materials to change shape without cracking during press processing. Including forging, rolling, stretching, extrusion and other processing in hot or cold state. Forgeability is actually a manifestation of the plasticity of the forging metal material, which is mainly related to the chemical composition of the forging metal material.

 

Weldability
Weldability refers to the performance of forging metal to obtain the expected quality of welded joints under specific structure and process conditions through conventional welding methods. Generally speaking, the thermal conductivity is too high or too low, the thermal expansion is large, the plasticity is low or it is easy to oxidize during welding Inhaled metal has poor weldability. Low carbon steel forgings have good weldability, medium carbon steel forgings have medium weldability, and high carbon steel, high alloy steel, cast iron and aluminum alloy have poor weldability.

Forging processing forgings

Machinability
Machinability refers to the degree of difficulty for forging metal materials to be cut to meet requirements. Machinability is often measured by the surface roughness of the workpiece after machining, the allowable cutting speed and the degree of tool wear. It is related to many factors such as the chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and work hardening degree of metal materials. Forgings usually use hardness and toughness as rough indicators of machinability. Generally speaking, the higher the hardness of the metal material, the more difficult it is to cut. Although the hardness is not high, it has a high degree of toughness and cutting is more difficult. Non-ferrous metals have better machinability than ferrous metals, cast iron has better machinability than steel, and medium-carbon steel has better machinability than low-carbon steel.

 

Heat treatment process
Heat treatment refers to a process operation in which forgings or alloys are in the solid range through certain heating, heat preservation and cooling methods to change the internal structure of the metal or alloy to obtain the required performance. Heat treatment process refers to the metal after heat treatment, its The ability to change structure and properties, including hardenability, hardenability, temper brittleness, oxidation and decarburization tendency, etc.More about:p20 steel

 

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