Metal plastic processing is mostly a simple blank. The process of obtaining products or blanks of the required shape and size through plastic deformation processing. Good metal plasticity is conducive to plastic forming. From the perspective of plastic processing, it can improve the plastic deformation of metal. The main approaches are as follows.
1. Reasonable selection of deformation temperature and deformation speed
Reasonable selection of deformation temperature and deformation speed during deformation to ensure that the metal has good plasticity during forming is very important for plastic forming. If the deformation temperature is too high, it is easy to overheat the deformed metal and cause coarse grains. If the temperature is too low, work hardening will occur when the metal is deformed, which will increase the deformation resistance and reduce the plasticity of the forging metal. In severe cases, it will cause deformation and cracking. For materials with high deformation speed sensitivity, the deformation speed should be selected reasonably. Generally speaking, the deformation speed of hammer equipment is the highest, and the deformation speed of hydraulic press is the lowest, and the deformation speed of press is somewhere in between. For example, magnesium alloy forging is suitable for forging on a press. If you want to die forging on a hammer, it is best to tap lightly at the beginning, and gradually increase the degree of deformation during each hammer forging as the groove is filled.
2. Reasonable choice of deformation method
The choice of deformation method directly affects the plastic flow and stress state of the deformed body in the cavity. For example, the more the number of compressive stresses a blank bears during deformation, the better its plasticity. Therefore, during plastic deformation, for materials with low plasticity, some measures can be taken to increase the three-directional compressive stress state and prevent the blank from cracking. For example, when upsetting, a movable collar or a sheath can be used to facilitate the forming, and the use of an anvil for drawing is beneficial to forming and improves the efficiency of drawing.

Tube forging

3. Improve the uniformity of material composition and organization
The chemical composition and structural properties of the alloy ingot are very uneven. High temperature diffusion annealing can be carried out before plastic processing to make the structure and composition of the ingot uniform and improve the plasticity of the material. For example, magnesium alloy MA3 undergoes high temperature homogenization treatment at 400°C for 10 hours, and the compression deformation on the press can reach more than 75%, but without high temperature homogenization treatment, the allowable deformation is only about 45%. For high-alloy steel ingots, depending on the composition of the forgings, the temperature range of 1050-1150℃ or even higher can be kept for a long time, and good results can also be obtained. Due to the long production cycle and high cost of high temperature homogenization treatment, it can be replaced by appropriately extending the heat preservation time during forging heating. The disadvantage is that it reduces productivity and attention should be paid to avoid coarse grains.
4. Reduce uneven deformation
Uneven deformation will cause additional stress, resulting in a decrease in the plasticity of the blank and promote the generation of cracks. The measures commonly used to reduce uneven deformation are: reasonable operating specifications, good lubrication, and suitable tool and die shapes can all reduce uneven deformation. For example, when drawing a length, choose a proper feeding amount. If the feeding amount is too small, the center of the blank may not be forged through, additional stress may be generated, and core cracks may be formed in severe cases; Upsetting of metal gaskets is beneficial to reduce the drum shape of the blank and prevent cracks on the surface.

Malleability
Forgeability refers to the performance of forging metal materials to change shape without cracking during press processing. Including forging, rolling, stretching, extrusion and other processing in hot or cold state. Forgeability is actually a manifestation of the plasticity of the forging metal material, which is mainly related to the chemical composition of the forging metal material.

Weldability
Weldability refers to the performance of forging metal to obtain the expected quality of welded joints under specific structure and process conditions through conventional welding methods. Generally speaking, the thermal conductivity is too high or too low, the thermal expansion is large, the plasticity is low or it is easy to oxidize during welding Inhaled metal has poor weldability. Low carbon steel forgings have good weldability, medium carbon steel forgings have medium weldability, and high carbon steel, high alloy steel, cast iron and aluminum alloy have poor weldability.

Forging processing forgings

Machinability
Machinability refers to the degree of difficulty for forging metal materials to be cut to meet requirements. Machinability is often measured by the surface roughness of the workpiece after machining, the allowable cutting speed and the degree of tool wear. It is related to many factors such as the chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and work hardening degree of metal materials. Forgings usually use hardness and toughness as rough indicators of machinability. Generally speaking, the higher the hardness of the metal material, the more difficult it is to cut. Although the hardness is not high, it has a high degree of toughness and cutting is more difficult. Non-ferrous metals have better machinability than ferrous metals, cast iron has better machinability than steel, and medium-carbon steel has better machinability than low-carbon steel.

Heat treatment process
Heat treatment refers to a process operation in which forgings or alloys are in the solid range through certain heating, heat preservation and cooling methods to change the internal structure of the metal or alloy to obtain the required performance. Heat treatment process refers to the metal after heat treatment, its The ability to change structure and properties, including hardenability, hardenability, temper brittleness, oxidation and decarburization tendency, etc.More about:p20 steel

Advanced technology and production and testing equipment play an important role in ensuring the feasibility and stability of the forging process, and improving the quality and stability of forgings, especially high-speed and heavy-duty gear forgings. Luo Baihui, secretary general of the International Mould Association, said that my country has a complete set of advanced production equipment from forging, heat treatment, machining to flaw detection, including a program-controlled temperature-controlled natural gas heating furnace with independent intellectual property rights, and an ultrasonic C-scan flaw detector. And other equipment are at the international leading level.
　　 High-speed and heavy-duty gear forgings are the key and basic parts of transmission equipment. Their stress conditions are complex and working conditions are special. Therefore, they must have excellent working performance to ensure long-term, efficient, safe and stable operation of gear transmission equipment. The performance, quality and stability of high-speed and heavy-duty gear forgings are closely related to the forging process. According to Luo Baihui, secretary general of the International Mould Association, in terms of patented technology, my country's Jiangsu Jinyuan has 3 invention patents such as multi-point temperature sensing and intelligent control methods for gas heating furnaces and detachable molds for rounding shaft forgings8 A utility model patent, gas heating furnace temperature uniformity control technology, precision forging technology, successive control deformation technology, warm forming structure performance control technology, ultrasonic C-scan automatic detection technology for forging defects, 5 proprietary technologies, and exclusive license Use 1 invention patent.

It is reported that Jiangsu Jinyuan has long focused on the R&D, production and sales of high-speed and heavy-duty gear forgings. It has accumulated rich experience in process control in the production and operation process, gathered and trained a large number of professional and technical personnel, and formed a series of proprietary technologies. .

Jinyuan Forging currently has an annual output of 60,000 tons of forgings. Its products are widely used in equipment manufacturing industries such as electric power, motor cars, ships, metallurgy, port machinery, and heavy machinery. It has covered more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and some products are exported to the Netherlands, Canada, the United States, India, Japan, Spain, Germany and other international markets. The product has stable quality and high reliability, and has been praised by users at home and abroad. It has been awarded the honorary titles of excellent supplier and best supplier by customers many times.

　　In the modern forging process, for the shaft forgings, the shaft forgings are generally rounded and rough processed by the plastic mold (throwing). Rounding is to realize the shaping of the circular cross-section of shaft forgings. The existing molds used for rounding are likely to cause mold damage or material loss. In addition, the flexibility of the mold is not enough. Once damaged, the entirety must be disassembled and replaced, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Jinyuan Forging has optimized the tooling die for shaft forgings and developed a modular forging die for shaft forgings, which facilitates the replacement of the arc shaping modules of the main working parts, saves materials and time, and improves efficiency. Different arc-shaped shaping modules can also be adapted to different working environments. For example, the invented composite tire mold for complex shaft forgings with shoulders and flanges can adapt to different lengths, steps, and shafts with flanges. Forging of forgings. In addition, it can effectively reduce the probability of mold damage, because when the shaft forgings with larger diameters are used, it often appears in the contact part of the upper and lower molds (upper and lower dies). Under impact extrusion, sharp corners are formed. After an impact cycle is over, the shaft forgings will rotate. The sharp corners formed will damage the mold or break away from the shaft forgings under impact. The detachable mold containing the rotating module for the round shaft forging can reduce the possibility of sharp corners on the shaft forging, protect the mold, and save materials.

　　Through continuous technological innovation, my country's current forging production efficiency and energy-saving level are close to the level of forging power Japan. Jiangsu Jinyuan has also become the pioneer of technological innovation in the domestic forging industry, especially high-speed and heavy-duty gear forging manufacturers.

In October 2020, the crude steel output of 64 countries included in the World Steel Association statistics was 161.9 million tons, an increase of 7.0% year-on-year. Due to the ongoing impact of the new crown epidemic, many production data released this month are estimates. We may revise the data in the production report next month.

In Asia, China’s crude steel output in October was 92.2 million tons, an increase of 12.7% year-on-year; India’s crude steel output in October was 9.1 million tons, an increase of 0.9% year-on-year; Japan’s crude steel output in October was 7.2 million tons, a year-on-year increase A decrease of 11.7%; South Korea’s crude steel production in October was 5.9 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 1.8%.

In the EU, Germany’s crude steel production in October was 3.4 million tons, an increase of 3.1% year-on-year; Italy’s crude steel production in October was 2.1 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 4.6%; Spain’s crude steel production in October was 1.1 million tons, a year-on-year increase A decrease of 7.7%.

In North America, the crude steel production in the United States in October was 6.1 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 15.3%.

In the CIS region, the estimated crude steel output in October 2020 is 8.4 million tons, an increase of 4.7% year-on-year. Among them, Ukraine's crude steel output in October was 1.7 million tons, an increase of 5.9% year-on-year.

In other European countries, Turkey’s crude steel output in October was 3.2 million tons, an increase of 19.4% year-on-year.

In South America, Brazil’s crude steel output in October was 2.8 million tons, an increase of 3.5% year-on-year.

Recently, the cadres and employees of Longgang Steel Company of Shaanxi Iron and Steel Group followed the goal of "reducing system cost by another 100 yuan", used their brains, actively explored practice, and innovatively developed a new baking device for blast furnace slag skimmer, and successfully applied it in production .

　　The blast furnace taphole is an important part of the blast furnace ironmaking system. Its function is to separate the slag and iron, lead the molten iron into the molten iron tank, and lead the slag into the slag treatment and crushing device. In actual production, when the blast furnace is pouring new iron ditch, in order to ensure the later life of the iron ditch, the newly poured iron ditch must be baked before it can be used. However, since the baking operation of this unit used the baking method in which the skimmer well was inserted into the homemade baking tube, it not only took more than 12 hours for continuous baking, but the baking tube could not enter the inside of the skimmer, which easily caused iron trough baking. Uneven baking results in a significant shortening of the service life of the new iron groove.

　　 In response, the company established a technical research team, after careful research, finally developed a new baking device for blast furnace slag skimmer. This set of equipment not only shortens the baking time to 8 hours, but also enables the newly cast iron ditch to be put into use 3 hours earlier, and the skimmer bakes evenly, which further guarantees the casting quality of the iron ditch.

Actually, the surface of the imitation tool is distributed, the size of the micro-convex body is unequal, and the surface of the imitation tool is unequal, and the surface of the imitation tool is a micro-convex body. Under the condition of free lubrication, the work is basically done on the surface of the imitation tool. For this purpose, the lubricant is lubricated, the fluid is lubricated, the fluid is lubricated, and the fluid is lubricated.

Medium friction (secondary) main finger metal shavings or work giving upper and lower imitation friction, polishing main measure research imitation polishing. Metal-thermal friction science Special conquest, thermal, comparative metal hair, or work temperature comparison low (phase-to-heat metal), metal-hard metal model, phase-to-slip (metal flow) friction, in fact, contact surface Friction secondary; Under non-lubricating conditions, hardened imitation tool, two kinds of metal surface oxidized film, contact friction; during the process of transformation, the surface of the new metal, the surface of the new metal, the short time, and the return Under the conditions of oxidation, maximum absorption of the metal, maximum load, or high temperature, the friction and friction are insufficient, and the approximate rate of work is large. The universal existence of heat, uneven shape, poor lubrication or poor lubrication. In addition to this, forging load forging, normal mechanical load, cause of mechanical load, sub-phase ratio, forging process, unique friction science special conquest.